Caffeine Capsules

Caffeine – Central Nervous System Stimulant for Cognitive and Physical Performance Research

Caffeine is a well-known central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that has been extensively studied for its effects on alertness, energy metabolism, endurance, fat oxidation, and cognitive performance. Found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cacao, and certain plants like guarana, caffeine remains one of the most widely researched psychoactive substances in both clinical and laboratory settings.

Mechanism of Action

Caffeine works primarily by acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist—blocking the inhibitory neurotransmitter adenosine from binding to its receptors (A1 and A2A) in the brain. This inhibition leads to increased dopaminergic and noradrenergic activity, resulting in heightened wakefulness, improved focus, and mood elevation.

Additionally, caffeine indirectly promotes epinephrine (adrenaline) release, contributing to its effects on endurance, thermogenesis, and alertness.

Key Research Findings

✅ Enhanced Focus & Mental Alertness

Caffeine has been shown to increase vigilance, reaction time, and attention span, particularly during periods of sleep deprivation or mental fatigue.

✅ Improved Physical Performance

It increases endurance and strength output by improving calcium ion mobilization in muscles and reducing perceived exertion.

✅ Increased Lipolysis & Fat Oxidation

Caffeine stimulates fat metabolism during exercise by increasing catecholamine activity, enhancing both thermogenesis and fat oxidation.

✅ Mood Elevation & Dopamine Potentiation

Caffeine increases dopamine receptor availability and sensitivity, contributing to mild euphoria, motivation, and a reduction in depressive symptoms.

Research Applications

Caffeine continues to be a primary subject in the following fields:

• Cognitive enhancement studies
• Sleep deprivation models
• Exercise physiology and sports science
• Metabolic rate and thermogenic research
• Attention and vigilance testing

Clinical Research Highlights

➡️ Meta-Analysis: Cognitive Performance and Alertness
Psychopharmacology (2010); 207(3): 291–301

> “Caffeine was found to significantly improve sustained attention, vigilance, and working memory performance in both rested and sleep-deprived individuals.”

➡️ Study: Caffeine and Endurance
Journal of Applied Physiology (2008); 105(1): 7–13

> “Ingestion of caffeine prior to exercise increased time to exhaustion by 22%, confirming its role in delaying fatigue and enhancing performance.”

➡️ Thermogenesis & Fat Oxidation
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1989); 49(1): 44–50

> “Caffeine intake increased metabolic rate and enhanced lipid oxidation, supporting its use as a thermogenic agent in metabolic research.”

Molecular Details

• Chemical Name: 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine
• CAS Number: 58-08-2
• Molecular Formula: C₈H₁₀N₄O₂
• Purity: ≥99% (HPLC Verified)
• Appearance: White crystalline powder
• Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol