NAD+

NAD⁺ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Primary Function: Cellular energy production, DNA repair, metabolic and mitochondrial health
Research Use: Anti-aging, neuroprotection, metabolic function, NAD+ replenishment studies
Molecular Formula: C21H27N7O14P2
CAS Number: 53-84-9
Synonyms: β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Oxidized NAD, Coenzyme I

Description:
NAD⁺ is a vital coenzyme found in every living cell, essential for redox reactions, energy metabolism, and cellular signaling. As a central molecule in mitochondrial ATP production, NAD⁺ is a key substrate for sirtuins, PARPs, and other enzymes involved in DNA repair, gene expression, and longevity pathways. NAD⁺ levels naturally decline with age, leading to cellular dysfunction, metabolic decline, and oxidative stress. Restoring NAD⁺ levels is a central focus in aging and metabolic research.

Mechanism of Action:

• Participates in electron transport chain to fuel ATP synthesis
• Serves as a co-substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–SIRT7), promoting gene regulation, stress resistance, and longevity
• Activates PARP enzymes for DNA repair and genome maintenance
• Influences circadian rhythm, inflammation, and metabolic balance

Key Research Areas:

• Anti-aging and longevity
• Neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s)
• Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance
• Mitochondrial dysfunction and fatigue
• DNA repair and oxidative stress protection

History of Discovery:
NAD⁺ was first discovered in 1906 by Sir Arthur Harden and William John Young while studying yeast fermentation. Its importance in metabolism and cell signaling was later clarified throughout the 20th century. In recent decades, Harvard researcher Dr. David Sinclair and others have revived interest in NAD⁺’s role in aging and mitochondrial decline, making it a centerpiece in modern longevity science.

Case Studies:

1. Age-Related Muscle Decline (2016, Cell Metab): NAD⁺ repletion reversed mitochondrial dysfunction and improved muscle endurance in aging mice. [Cell Metab. 2016;24(4):529–536.]
2. Neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s Models (2018, Nat Commun): NAD⁺ supplementation improved cognitive function and reduced neuroinflammation in AD mouse models. [Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1286.]
3. Metabolic Health and Insulin Sensitivity (2019, Diabetes): Restoring NAD⁺ improved glucose tolerance and reduced hepatic fat in obese mice. [Diabetes. 2019;68(1):108–117.]

Packaging Information:

• Form: Lyophilized powder
• Purity: ≥ 99%
• Storage: Store at -20°C in a dry, dark environment
• For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.