MOTS-C

Base Peptides are intended for licensed medical professionals and experienced researchers. Reconstitution required. Dosing and use instructions are not provided.

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MOTS-c — Mitochondria-Derived Peptide (16 aa)

MOTS-c is a short peptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome (within the 12S rRNA region). In research, it’s used to explore cellular energy sensing, stress adaptation, and insulin sensitivity with a focus on AMPK-linked pathways.

Identifiers

CAS: 1627580-64-6
PubChem CID: 146675088
Formula / MW: C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂ · ≈ 2174.6 Da
Sequence (human): Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg (MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR)
Origin: Encoded by mitochondrial DNA (not nuclear DNA)

How It Works (Plain English)

MOTS-c helps cells sense low-energy states and activates AMPK, a master regulator of energy balance.
It’s linked to the folate–AICAR–AMPK pathway, which increases cellular glucose uptake and supports metabolic homeostasis.
Under stress (exercise, low nutrients), MOTS-c can move to the nucleus and influence expression of stress-response genes.

Why Researchers Use It

To study insulin sensitivity, glucose handling, and mitochondrial stress signaling.
To model exercise-mimetic effects and energy-management pathways.
To explore healthy aging hypotheses tied to cellular stress resistance.

Key Studies — What Was Tested, What Changed, Why It Matters

Metabolic homeostasis & insulin sensitivity (foundational work)

What was tested: MOTS-c exposure in cell and animal models tracking glucose uptake, insulin response, and weight trends.
What changed: Improved insulin sensitivity, better glucose tolerance, and protection against diet-induced weight gain in rodent models.
Why it matters: Establishes MOTS-c as a tool for studying AMPK-centric energy regulation rather than direct hormone replacement.

Stress-response gene programs (nuclear translocation)

What was tested: Cellular stress conditions (e.g., low glucose) and MOTS-c localization.
What changed: MOTS-c translocated to the nucleus and engaged NRF2/ARE-linked antioxidant and stress-adaptation genes.
Why it matters: Shows how a mitochondrial peptide can coordinate nuclear gene expression during stress, bridging mitochondria–nucleus communication.

Human-relevance signals (observational)

What was tested: Associations between circulating or tissue MOTS-c and markers like insulin resistance, fat mass, and age.
What changed: Reports link MOTS-c levels to metabolic health and age-related trends (direction and magnitude vary by cohort).
Why it matters: Guides sample timing and cohort selection in translational designs; still requires controlled interventional work for causality.

Potential Research Applications

Metabolic Models

Glucose uptake and insulin-signaling assays
AMPK activation and downstream readouts

Exercise & Stress Biology

Exercise-mimetic pathways and mitochondrial stress tests
NRF2/ARE antioxidant-gene programs

Healthy Aging Hypotheses

Cellular resilience and oxidative-stress models
Adiposity distribution and metabolic flexibility

Synergistic Peptides (for Study Design)

Semaglutide (GLP-1)

Why pair: Incretin pathway for appetite/glucose control complements MOTS-c’s AMPK-centric energy signaling.
Angle: Combined readouts: food intake, glycemia, and AMPK markers.

Tirzepatide (GLP-1 + GIP)

Why pair: Dual incretin model to compare single vs dual hormone signaling layered on AMPK activation.
Angle: Insulin sensitivity, lipid panels, and body-composition trends.

AOD-9604 (hGH fragment 176–191)

Why pair: Focuses on fat-metabolism pathways; useful alongside AMPK signaling.
Angle: Lipolysis + glucose-uptake panels with imaging-based adiposity endpoints.

Design Notes

Pre-define fasting/feeding windows—metabolic endpoints are timing-sensitive.
Capture both acute (minutes–hours) AMPK readouts and chronic (weeks) composition markers.
Document vehicle, pH, light, and freeze–thaw cycles; small handling shifts can move results.

Known Concerns (Context)

Assay design: AMPK signaling is highly context-dependent; standardize stressors, temperature, and nutrient media.
Translation: Strong preclinical signals exist; human-interventional data are still developing across indications.
General: Sold for laboratory research use only; not for human/medical/veterinary use.

Follow institutional SOPs for metabolic-pathway peptides and mitochondrial-stress assays.

Specifications & Handling

Form: Lyophilized powder (lot-coded)
Purity: ≥ 99% (HPLC/MS verified)
Storage: ≤ −20 °C; protect from light/moisture

In solution: Aliquot promptly; avoid repeat freeze–thaw
Additives: None unless specified per lot
Packaging: Tamper-evident; research-only labeling

Regulatory & Use Notice

Sold for laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption, medical, or veterinary use. No human-use instructions are provided. Buyer is responsible for safe handling and regulatory compliance.

MOTS-c Peptide Research | Mitochondria-Derived Peptide | AMPK, Insulin Sensitivity & Stress-Response Studies

Keywords: MOTS-c peptide, mitochondrial-derived peptide, AMPK activation, insulin sensitivity, metabolic homeostasis, exercise mimetic, Base Peptides.

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Instructions are NOT provided before or after purchase.

Peptide molecules are unfinished and require reconstitution from a skilled and licensed professional to activate the compound into liquid form. Instructions are not provided for reconstitution, dosing, or adminstration. All products are strictly intended for research purposes and laboratory experimentation. Handling should be by skilled licensed and credentialed professionals only. Non experimental use is strictly prohibited.

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