Glutathione

Glutathione (GSH)

Primary Function: Antioxidant defense, detoxification, cellular protection
Research Use: Oxidative stress reduction, immune modulation, liver health, anti-aging
Molecular Formula: C10H17N3O6S
CAS Number: 70-18-8
Synonyms: GSH, L-Glutathione, γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine

Description:
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of glutamine, cysteine, and glycine and is considered the body’s master antioxidant. It plays a vital role in cellular detoxification, immune function, redox signaling, and the protection of mitochondria from oxidative stress. Glutathione is widely studied for its roles in anti-aging, skin health, neurological function, and liver detoxification.

Mechanism of Action:

• Neutralizes free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS)
• Regenerates vitamins C and E back to active forms
• Conjugates with toxins in the liver for safe excretion
• Supports immune cell activity and mitochondrial integrity

Key Research Areas:

• Oxidative stress and inflammation reduction
• Skin lightening and pigmentation balance
• Liver protection and detoxification pathways
• Neurological health and glutamate regulation

History of Discovery:
Glutathione was discovered in the early 20th century by J. de Rey-Pailhade and later structurally characterized by Hopkins in 1921. Since then, it has become one of the most studied intracellular antioxidants, central to cellular redox balance, and a promising agent in age-related and chronic disease research.

Case Studies:

1. Skin Brightening and Pigment Reduction (2012, J Dermatol Treat): Oral and IV glutathione improved skin tone and reduced melanin production in 12-week trials. [J Dermatol Treat. 2012;23(2):97–102.]
2. Liver Function Improvement in NAFLD (2017, BMC Gastroenterol): GSH supplementation improved ALT/AST levels and liver ultrasound scores. [BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17(1):96.]
3. Parkinson’s and Cognitive Function (2009, Neurology): Intranasal and IV glutathione showed promise in reducing tremors and improving mitochondrial markers in Parkinson’s patients. [Neurology. 2009;72(21):1764–1771.]

Packaging Information:

• Form: Lyophilized powder or sterile solution (injectable or intranasal)
• Purity: ≥ 99%
• Storage: Store at -20°C in a dry, dark environment
• For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.